Differences in the earning power of females and males contribute to higher poverty rates for female-headed households and to inequity for individuals and families in our community. Income is tied to a variety of life outcomes, including health and happiness.

In 2018-22, females in Westchester County earned a median income of $42,000, compared to $63,300 for males, for a female to male earnings ratio of 0.66. In other words, for every dollar earned by a male in Westchester County, a female earned 66 cents. This ratio increased 1.5% from 65 cents in 2008-12. The ratio was lower than for the state (0.71) and on par with the nation (0.67).

Westchester County had the highest earnings ratio among comparison counties followed by Rockland (0.64), Nassau (0.63), and Putnam (0.60). Municipalities with high earnings ratios include Croton-on-Hudson (0.99) and Cortlandt (0.84). Municipalities with lower ratios include Bedford (0.33) and Harrison (0.39).

The pay gap between females and males has many contributing factors, ranging from pay discrimination to the types of occupations and roles that females and males participate in to gaps in working when females give birth and care for children. In studies that control for occupation, experience, title and location, the pay gap narrows to as little as 5% or less. However, scholars and activists argue that cultural bias, societal assumptions and workplace design continue to contribute the pay gap, including by narrowing the viable workplace choices for females. Increased flexibility in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic may increase options and equity in some sectors, especially office-based work, though other female-dominated occupations, such as servers and health aides, may experience little change.

Multiyear figures are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS). The bureau combined five years of responses to the survey to provide estimates for smaller geographic areas and increase the precision of its estimates. The survey provides data on characteristics of the population that used to be collected only during the decennial census. However, because the information came from a survey, the samples responding to the survey were not always large enough to produce reliable results, especially in small geographic areas. CGR has noted on data tables the estimates with relatively large margins of error. Estimates with three asterisks have the largest margins, plus or minus 50% or more of the estimate. Two asterisks mean plus or minus 35%-50%, and one asterisk means plus or minus 20%-35%. For all estimates, the confidence level is 90%, meaning there is 90% probability the true value (if the whole population were surveyed) would be within the margin of error (or confidence interval). The survey provides data on characteristics of the population that used to be collected only during the decennial census.