What does this measure?
The ratio of the median home value divided by the median household income, adjusted for inflation, and shown for homeowners in various racial and ethnic groups.
Why is this important?
This ratio provides a rough estimate of the affordability of homes in a community. A ratio less than 2 or 3 is considered affordable. High housing costs can force households to choose between paying for housing and meeting other basic needs such as food, clothing and health care.
How is Westchester County performing?
In 2017-2021, Westchester County homes were most unaffordable for Hispanic and African American homeowners, with ratios of 5.7 and 5.3 respectively, followed by Whites (4.1) and Asians (3.7). Compared to the U.S., Westchester was less affordable for all groups, except Asians. Compared to New York State averages, however, Westchester was more affordable than the state average for all groups except Whites. This is likely a reflection of the fact that members of these groups in Westchester tend to have higher household incomes than the average in the rest of the state, increasing their overall ability to afford a home.
Since 2016-2020, the ratio has minimally decreased for all racial and ethnic groups except for African Americans which saw a slight increase. It should be noted that this comparison uses data from overlapping years and contains some of the same data.
Among comparison counties, Westchester has the highest cost ratio for Hispanic and African American homeowners, followed by Rockland with a 5.1 ratio for Hispanics and a 4.0 ratio for African Americans. It has the second highest rate among Asian homeowners, just behind Nassau at 3.9.
Why do these disparities exist?
Historic and current policies and systems, from racist housing policies to employment discrimination to education systems that fail to equitably serve all populations, have prevented people of color from fully participating in our economy, locking them out of economic opportunity. This has resulted in lower incomes for people of color, which means housing costs are a greater burden.
Notes about the data
Data are presented in 2022 dollars. Multi-year data are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, which paired up Mount Vernon and New Rochelle due to relatively small populations. The American Community Survey combines five years of responses to provide estimates for smaller geographic areas and increase the precision of its estimates. The survey provides data on characteristics of the population that used to be collected only during the decennial census.
| Asian | Black or African American | Hispanic | White | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Westchester County | 3.7 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 4.1 |
| Nassau County | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 3.7 |
| Putnam County | 3.5 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 |
| Rockland County | 3.2 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
| New York State | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 3.4 |
| Mount Vernon/New Rochelle | 4.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.7 |
| White Plains | N/A | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.2 |
| Yonkers | 3.8 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 5.4 |
Notes: Ratio of median home value divided by the median household income, adjusted for inflation. A ratio less than 2 or 3 is considered affordable. The Census Bureau asks people to identify their race (white, African-American, etc.) separate from their ethnicity.
| Asian | Black or African American | Hispanic | White | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Westchester County | $617,684 | $429,778 | $476,438 | $622,357 |
| Nassau County | $603,695 | $436,852 | $488,744 | $563,156 |
| Putnam County | $422,114 | $415,500 | $344,932 | $401,333 |
| Rockland County | $501,117 | $430,421 | $427,037 | $512,436 |
| New York State | $607,378 | $446,529 | $439,023 | $323,133 |
| Mount Vernon/New Rochelle | $629,395 | $439,404 | $521,886 | $685,546 |
| White Plains | $772,121 | $486,703 | $461,965 | $727,360 |
| Yonkers | $537,433 | $346,320 | $431,295 | $502,811 |
